Bound Morphemes Pg Essays

Bound Morphemes Pg Essays Bound Morphemes Pg Essay Bound Morphemes Pg Essay Notes from live broadcast 29/07/09 Mrs Masehela made a comment at the beginning of the session that because of a large amount of students receiving their study material late, she would focus only on what is relevant for the exam during this broadcast – I really hope this is the case. The chapters I refer to in these notes are from the prescribed book: Investigating English. Chapter One A system of signs for human communication there are different modes of linguistic communication- writing signs and oral. Language is a semiotic system. Semiotics: the study of signs and symbols and their meanings.Language is a system where the individual elements ‘signs’, take their overall meaning from HOW they are combined with other elements. Think of the English language spelling patterns and compare that with another language you know. Think of the road signs and their meanings or any other sign and its meaning. de Saussure theory of linguistic signs. pg 6 The signifier â⠂¬â€œ the sequence of sounds (word), which makes up the sign e. g. w/a/t/e/r this is the symbol. The signified – the mental or physical reality of the sign e. g. water. The properties of language (unique) pg 9 Displacement – talk about things that are not in sight. Arbitrariness – no natural relationship between a word and it’s meaning. Discreetness – separate or distinct. Each sound functions as an individual. Duality – distinct sounds do not convey meaning but carry meaning when combined with other sounds. (ooo, eee, aaa by themselves no meaning). Productivity – speakers produce and interpret an infinite number of new signals, able to produce a sentence without memorising. Cultural transmission – language is passed on from one generation to the next (mother tongue).Chapter 4 Words and word formation (the structure of words) Morpheme – pg 63 the smallest meaningful unit of a language. e. g. –ful, -er, un-, ive. Free morphemes – pg 65 independent words, simple can’t be broken down. car, sure, fine, chew, school, a, the, Two kinds – content/lexical morphemes Open group-new words can be added. They carry meaning – fine, chew. function/grammatical morphemes Closed group-new words hardly ever added. When attached, work together with content – but, if, this, and. Bound morphemes – pg 67 can not occur unattached. (not a word on its own) also called affixes. e. g. –ful, un-, -s, -er. the base or the stem is the morpheme to which prefixes and suffixes are attached. e. g. safe, drive, tangle. Inflectional morphemes- pg 68 do not change the grammatical status of a word. e. g school (noun), schools (noun), talk (verb), talked (verb) can change quantities, tenses, plurality. [pic] see page 69 as well. Derivational morphemes – pg 69 these change the grammatical class of a word e. g. –ly slowly verb adjective adverb Chapter 7 La nguage and meanings. Nature of meaning. Language is a conduit/channel along which thoughts are transferred. Meaning can’t be separated from language. Lexemes. can have a variety of forms called variant forms. when change from one to another, meaning changes as well. [pic] Chapter 8 Language acquisition. Acquisition – what we are born with, learn as we grow up to about 13 years of age. Learning – what we are formally taught, from about 13 years. Different theories- Imitation – child imitates language they hear around them. Innateness – humans born with a capacity for a language development. Input motherese/caretaker speech, more time spent with. Cognitive – child develops a concept first, able to remember/make sense of words of language. Chapter 8 cont†¦ Language acquisition – observe any child between the ages of 1m – 6y. study the section on stages of language acquisition pg 133-135 of textbook. this is my summar y of this section – not possible to explain but is possible to observe, record and chart. proceed at own pace, reach different stages at different ages sequence of stages, generally the same Stage 1 – , | |attention/discomfort |by short vowel |longer then cooing |resembling speech – |recognisable objects|combine 2 |nouns- omit the | | | |– high to low |1st real signs | | |am,-ed –ing, | | | | |language development| | | | Chapter 9 English and education 1. What role should English play in your community/country? 2. What role is English playing in your community/country today? 3. The role and importance of the standard variety of English. 1. Unifying language, able to interact with business partners, economically possible to gain recognition and be understood. 2.Kind can come from/various – have varying linguistic backgrounds, multi/mono-lingual – some communities are flooded by people from other parts of the world; English has a r ole, as a unifier, business partner, feel accepted. Beyond border of country – what is the role there? 3. Is it really important to know standard variety of English or just â€Å"black† English, â€Å"Hispanic† English or must it be standard English. Please correct me here/add in or what ever – I seem to have missed the boat here; however I did write every thing she spoke about? I suspect we need to prepare this for a long question. Exam 2 hours. Ensure you write in paragraphs â€Å"give a critical.. † give own view on topic, -ve and +ve side substantiate. â€Å"discuss† write in paragraphs, your own view is not necessary here.

Pure Capitalism Essays - Taxation, Public Finance, Tax, Income Tax

Pure Capitalism Essays - Taxation, Public Finance, Tax, Income Tax Pure Capitalism My idea of the perfect government could be called ?Pure Capitalism?. It is based on survival of the fittest and not all people are created equal. To explain this government I will compare it to our current system. The biggest concept is that the people have complete control of most all economic conditions. Taxes: I do not believe in an income tax, I want to choose what I do with my money. Income in my view is a form of double taxation. To make up for the loss of no income tax, the sales taxes would be increased, not only would this allow people to have more control over there money it would virtually eliminate tax fraud. The sales tax could not tax food intended for consumption, clothing, or other Basic necessities of life. On average products the rate would be a flat percentage rate, and on products considered luxiourus the rate would be exponential, much like our current income tax system. A new administration would be formed to control the rates and stop double taxation. The inheritance tax would be abolished, if I want to work hard my life, throw all of my money in the bank, and leave it to my kids so that they can sit around doing nothing till the day they die, I shouldn?t have to pay for politicians to do sit around there whole life too. Welfare: The current welfare program pisses me off. In pure capitalism there would be a one year minimum for basic welfare, after that, all you get is a big ?good luck!, no one ever said life was fair?. If you can?t get a job in 365 days you don?t deserve for me to support you. The only exception here would be if someone was receiving average or higher education, in which the welfare program would last one year after completing the course. A set amount of bonus welfare would be received for each dependent when the program is started, but a deduction larger that the original bonus for any children born after the program has started. This is to discourage the inferior from reproducing. Poor breed poor. Again there is any exception for advrige or higher education received. In order to encourage private businesses to form, an extremely powerful business loss compensation loss program would be designed. In order for an economy like this one to survive, it takes guts on the part of the individual, unfortunately that is the reason many potential Trumps are never discovered. To counteract this, any business which is registered with the gov?t and then fails, will have compensation equal to the amount invested in the business initially, that way someone couldn?t start a business, inflate the vaule till it is about to crash, then liquidate to receive the amount of the inflated value. They could only get to amount they invested in it back. Labor: Every business needs a power work machine. Labor Unions in my ideal economy would have much more power provided by the government. Corporations would be required to sell stock to its workers. 401(k) plans would be highly encouraged, and other fringe benefits provided. When you retire the amount recieved would be based on two things. (1) How successful you where in life. (2) How hard you worked. With higher emphasis on number 2, people who have lower job skills would still be encouraged to work harder, knowing that it will eventually pay off in the long run. Poor breeds poor, but if the poor stay on the right track, they can still have a decient life. This last section is to cover the broader based ideals in the perfect economy. Kill the ?All people created equal polacy.? Lets face it, some poeple are superior and some are inferior, the minorities can?t call for affirmative action by hiding behind that statement. If I want to hire someone based on the color of there skin or there fathers father, I will do it. Forget minimum wage, you get paid what you are worth, if you are worthless you get paid less. Likewise, if you have a good education and give it your all, you are worth more and thus get paid more. Though bleeding hearts would be in tears after reading this, I belive that this economy, though vague, would create a world power compairable to the present world military condition, alowing us to control the weak, not bleed all over them.

Capstone Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Capstone Project - Essay Example d vision; and also if it has appropriate strategies in place that can help it in achieving its goals while utilizing its strengths and exploiting its opportunities. Toyota’s mission states, â€Å"Toyota will lead the way to the future of mobility, enriching lives around the world with the safest and most responsible ways of moving people. Through our commitment to quality, constant innovation and respect for the planet, we aim to exceed expectations and be rewarded with a smile. We will meet challenging goals by engaging the talent and passion of people, who believe there is always a better way (Toyota, 2012, p.12).† Careful analysis reveals that Toyota has been concerned with providing a product line that is affordable to its customer and also serves community by playing its role in environmental protection and social stability. Comparison of its mission and vision to its financial performance indicated that Toyota has managed to retain its profitability ratio as compared to last financial year 2011. Although due to strong position of Yen, its product became expensive for American and European markets, which is later on reflected in decrease in its gross sales which is  ¥ 17,820,520 for 2011 and  ¥17,511,916 for financial year 2011 and 2012 respectively. However, other losses attributed to recalls made further decreases in profits. Toyota’s vision entails making better cars and enriching communities’ lives through sustainable growths and adherence to its original values. Its guiding principles indicated that respect for culture and customers, fair business activities, corporate citizenship, innovative management, individual creativity and team work and working with business partners in research and manufacture to achieve stable, long-term growth and mutual benefits (Toyota Global, 2011a). However, losses incurred through recalls indicate that Toyota digressed from its values and mission of making better cars and benefitting consumers. Therefore,